Jackson’s Knowledge Argument

Dualism is the theory that our world is not entirely physical but is made up of mind and matter, therefore uggesting the mind is not the brain (brain is matter, the mind is a separate entity). Cartesian Dualism states: Each mind is an immaterial substance capable of independent existence. The characteristic property of this substance is thought. The physical world is a material substance, capable of independent existence. The characteristic property of this substance is extension (taking up space). (Lecture 1, DCT). Monism, in contrast to dualism states that the mind and brain are unified, and that there is no division between the two.Those who support monism believe that there is only one reality. Physicalism is a kind of monism as it is the belief that different approaches to the mind-body problem, let us look at the knowledge argument by Frank Jackson, who theorises that physicalism is false. Jackson describes two thought experiments to support his anti-physicalism theory. The fir st centres around Mary, a brilliant scientist who is confined to a black and white room, who learns everything through black and white, including a black and white television.Mary is an expert in the neurophysiology of vision learns all the physical information about what happens to the brain when we see colour. Jackson (1982, p. 30) states: â€Å"She discovers, for example, Just which wave-length combinations from the sky stimulate the retina, and exactly how this produces via the central nervous system the contraction of vocal chords and expulsion of air from the lungs that results in the uttering of the sentence â€Å"The sky is blue†. When Mary leaves the room, and sees the colour red for the first time, Jackson raises the question of whether Mary will learn anything or not.Jackson claims that yes indeed Mary does, because she is having a new visual experience that she has not had before, despite having all the physical information prior to this. Jackson (1982, p. 130) g oes on â€Å"But then it is inescapable that her previous knowledge was incomplete. But she had all the physical information. Ergo there is more to have than that, and Physicalism is false†. Jackson believes that qualia has been left out of this story. qualia relates to our own subjective experiences.When I see a colour, smell a perfume, I am subjected toa conscious experience that is only relevant to me, no one else can experience these sensations the way I do. The following thought experiment in Jackson's paper explains this further. Fred, presented with a bunch of ripe tomatoes, separates them n to two groups. Fred has better colour vision than anyone else, but manages to separate the tomatoes into two groups, redl and red2. Whilst we may categorise all the tomatoes as simply red, Fred sees clearly two different types of red, in the way we would distinguish yellow from green.Suppose we know all about Fred's physiology and discover is a super ability to separate colours on the red spectrum, it does not actually tell us what it is like to see colour from Fred's perspective, or his colour experience. No amount of physical information about Fred can tell us what it is like o see colours in the same way as Fred does. Furthermore, if we were to implant Fred's brain into another beings body, it still would not tell us anything about Fred's conscious experience of seeing red at this present moment in time.Thomas Nagel's paper What is it like to be a bat? reinforces the theory that physicalism leaves something out. If we look at physicalism objectively, for example, look at the facts about Marys physiology that enable to her to see, we can know what happens to the optic nerve and retina when Mary sees colour, or light, but her experience of seeing he colour red is a subjective one. This experience is told from the first person point of view, therefore Nagel suggests that we cannot be objective about other people's experiences.Nagel (1974, p. 426) describes ho w we can we observe the physicality of bats: â€Å"Now we know that most bats (the microchiroptera, to be precise) perceive the external world primarily by sonar, or echolocation, detecting the reflections, from objects within range, of their own rapid, subtly modulated, high frequency shrieks†. There is nothing about a bat's senses that are like ours, and while we can imagine hat it may be like to be another human being, we cannot imagine what it is like to our imagination.As we do not have experience of being a bat our imagination is therefore limited. It is within my capabilities to mimic a bat's behaviour, eat insects, hang upside down, imagine myself flying, but I cannot share the same experiences as a bat as only a bat knows what it is like to have these experiences. One of the main physicalist responses to Jackson's knowledge argument is to agree that Mary does learn something new when she leaves the black and white room. Physicalists say hat Mary has gained a new abil ity rather than a new fact.Remember that Mary possessed all physical information before she left the room. Another physicalist view is that Mary is experiencing a mental state that is a result of the physical impact on her brain when she sees colour. The mental state that happens to Mary is seen as a brain state and therefore deemed to be physical. She already has the knowledge how to see colour but not necessarily knowledge that. Knowledge that is knowing that Paris is the capital of France, whilst knowledge how is knowing how to play the piano.Mary knows how to recognise colour. There is also the matter of causal closure which relates to every physical event having a physical cause. For example, if you bang your toe, is a physical event, which activates the mental state of pain, and to make the decision to hold on to your toe is also a mental state, however it results in your holding your toe, which is a physical event. This physicalist argument is a strong one, but no matter whic h way we look at the mind-body problem no one can have your conscious experiences.There can be countless thought experiments but each subject will see or feel things differently. Philip Goff (2013) states: â€Å"Physicalism is a grand and ambitious project, but there is a thorn in its side: consciousness. The qualities each of us encounters in our conscious experience – the feeling of pain, the sensations of biting into a lemon, what it's like to see red – stubbornly refuse to be incorporated into the physicalist's all-encompassing vision of the universe. Consciousness seems to be the one bit of left-over magic that refuses to be physicalised.And it's all the fault of the zombies†. Goff calls these zombies philosophical (or p-zombies) as they are not supposed to e the zombies that we see in films, it is a zombie that is used in philosophical thought experiments. If your zombie, was opened up, everything about its brain structure would be identical with yours. Th e thing that the zombie would lack is conscious experience. It might scream when it is stabbed with a knife, but it is because it is programmed to do so, its reactions will not coincide with feelings of pain of pleasure.Goff, talking about zombies summarises this point â€Å"However, your zombie twin has no inner experience: there is nothing that it's like to be your zombie twin. It's screaming and running away when stabbed isn't accompanied by a feeling of pain. Its smiles are not accompanied by any feeling of pleasure†. Goff puts forward an excellent argument to those who identify brain states with conscious states. He talks about what happens in the brain when you are in pain.If a brain surgeon was to open you up to see what is going on in your head if you had been stabbed with a knife they would see c-fibres firing, but they would not see that you are in pain and the c-fibres are firing, they could see what is happening physically but your conscious xperience of pain woul d not be visible. Goff (2013) explains: â€Å"to say that the feeling of pain is identical with c-fibres firing in your brain, is to say that pain – the thing you sees when she looks in your head after youVe had the knife stuck in you – are one and the same thing.It is to say that we don't have two things – pain and c-fibres firing – but one thing with two labels† Furthermore, if your zombie was opened up and a brain surgeon wanted to observe their brain activity after being stabbed by a knife, again they would observe the c-fibres firing, but there would be the absence of the onscious experience of pain. If you stab your zombie it will create a physical event, with a physical response but you cannot know what it is like to be your zombie, in the same way that your zombie cannot know what it is like to be you.Your zombie cannot be the same as you physically and consciously as you can only be one person. I do not believe that it is possible to compl etely resolve the mind-body problem. I am inclined to lean towards Jackson's point of view that we cannot perceive the colour red from Marys point of view. Not only can we not perceive things visually, if Mary ad been colour blind but gained knowledge how to perceive colours through touch or other senses, it would still be true to say that her experience would be a subjective one.

The hypothesis for this piece of coursework is “Exeter is dealing well with its traffic needs”

As shown in the maps on the previous page Exeter is a city in the south-west of England, with areas like Dartmoor which is a national park nearby, Exeter is also surrounded by towns and villages like Topsham, Exmouth, Starcross and Lympstone. At the moment Exeter's population is around 111,000 but is always growing. Exeter has many transport links, including two main train stations and a few more local ones, a successful bus service, many roads in and surrounding Exeter and an international airport. Exeter's main train stations are Central station which is a few minute walk to the city centre and St David's station which is a 15-20 minutes walk or a few minute bus journey. Exeter has more local train station such as St Thomas train station, but these unlike the two main train stations which have trains which travel all around the country only have trains which travel to closer towns or cities. Exeter's main bus service which is Stagecoach, has many routes which enables you to travel around and just past the outskirts of Exeter, Stagecoach also have a Main bus station in Exeter which also has less frequent buses which travel further to place all around England. The last transport link which Exeter has is Exeter's international airport which as well as flying chartered flights also fly scheduled flights around England. Exeter's chartered flights don't only include short haul flights to places in Europe but have recently started to fly long haul flights to places like New York and Canada. Exeter has many roads surrounding and passing through it including the M5 which is a motor way which starts by Exeter and ends up by Birmingham, there is also many A roads neighbouring Exeter including A30 and the A38 which join at the start of the M5 and also the A377 which passes through Exeter and joins to the A30. Lastly there are several B roads including the B3212, B3183, B3123 and the B3183. As Exeter's population is growing more and more people are driving and buying cars this therefore increases Exeter's car ownership and traffic problems, due to this increase in people and cars Exeter's traffic needs are becoming more and more important. In places which have had the issue of congested roads and other traffic problems, traffic management strategies have already been tried, like in London; they have now introduced a payment which has to be made for vehicles to be able to drive in the city centre. The roads which I will be focusing on are: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Alphington Road à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Cowick Street à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Exebridge à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½High Street à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Topsham Road The roads and area which I will be concentration in this investigation on are shown on a map opposite. The area which I will be mainly working with is in and around the city centre and is shaded in brown on the map, and all the roads except Topsham Road which I am concentrating on are shaded in red To investigate this hypothesis I will be mainly working in and around the city centre, I will ask questionnaires, take traffic counts and photos, send emails, and also use the internet. I will then put the data into graphs and diagrams and do some calculations which will then tell me if my hypothesis is correct or not.

American Politics in the Context of Obama’s Election and the First 100 Days Essay Example for Free (#100)

American Politics in the Context of Obama’s Election and the First 100 Days Essay Though none opposes the fact that motivation is the real driving engine of every action, there is considerable differences among the theorists about its mechanism, especially when it comes to explore the possibility to bring out the best out in the employees of an organization, where one school of thought advocates for extrinsic motivation for instant solution and the other insists on capitalizing the long-term efficacy of intrinsic motivation. Under the present context of economic downturn, this issue is extremely important, as extrinsic motivation primarily involves money. Therefore, this paper explores the core elements of motivation and concepts of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards from relevant literature, before coming into its own conclusion. Core of Motivation The core of motivation contains three elements like Consciousness, Inverted Qualia and Absent Qualia. These three together create various mental states. Consciousness It has six major identifiable states like 1. State of awareness: When someone is aware of something (Rosenthal, 1986). 2. Qualitative states: Sensing something out of something like enjoying a meal or experiencing a pain. Such experiences are called â€Å"qualia†, and are regarded as â€Å"intrinsic, private, ineffable and nomadic features of experience, † (Dennet, 1990). 3. Phenomenal states: A state involving more than sensory qualia, covering spatial, temporal and conceptual organization of experiences about the world and the person’s inference about it. 4. What-it-is-like states: Associating a sense of experience with another. 5. Access consciousness: It’s like seeing a thing and ideating something and then deciding on something, where there may or may not be any relationship among the above-said three stages. 6. Narrative consciousness: This â€Å"stream of consciousness† contains a series of thoughts from the â€Å"perspective of an actual or merely virtual self† (Dennett, 1991). Inverted Qualia It refers to a personal package of intrinsic and intricate experiences, with which humans decipher various external signals and respond to them, where the nature of experience governs the nature of response. The difference in perception causes inverted qualia, as for example someone might like green tea and detest coffee for no unexplainable reasons. This trait has a strong connection with intrinsic motivation (Dennet, 1991) Absent Qualia The concept of absent qualia claims that functional duplicates of a creature would do the same. As for example, if Mr. X likes tea and dislikes coffee, then his absolute clone would also do the same, for which the clone would not need an intricate and intrinsic package of experiences (Dennet, 1991). This concept backs the idea of getting result through extrinsic reward – as for example, if Mr. X and Mr. Y do identical jobs under identical conditions, then if Mr. X feels satisfied with cash reward, Mr.  Y would too follow the suit without a second thought! This study thus highlights two sets of hidden relationships, one, between inverted qualia and intrinsic motivation/rewards, and two, between absent qualia and extrinsic motivation/rewards. In any case, humans’ (apparently) involuntary association with rewards too has its routes in their perceptions, which maintain a master list of individual desires, and accordingly propel them to fulfill such desires. Put into an imaginary diagram, the mechanism of human mind can look somewhat like below: Mechanism of Motivation Motivating Tools From the organizational perspective, the ways and means to motivate the employees can be many. However, the common ones among them are, 1. Rewards 2. Retention 3. Morale 5. Job-enrichment 6. Reinforcement 1. Rewards System: Rewards or recognition system has a great bearing on the emotional plane of humans. † Every behavior comes out of ‘pain and gain’ principle†, says Khera (2004, p. 110). There can be many types of tangible gains like money, vacations or gifts, or they can be intangible, like recognition, appreciation, sense of achievement, growth, responsibility, sense of fulfillment, self-worth, etc. 2. Retention: It highly motivates the employees, as â€Å"Retention is critical to the long term health and success of the company† (Heathfield, 2008). 3. Morale: The elements like praise, love and faith can charge up anyone under any circumstance. 4. Job Enrichment: It relates to the in-house grooming of the employees to become an expert in the related field. 5. Reinforcement. By all means, it is a tool to control the employee behavior (Positive, 2000), which binds the company activities together. Other Factors Related to Motivation There are three other factors that can be instrumental to keep employees motivated, and they are: Job Satisfaction, Goal-setting and Performance appraisals. They are considered to be the self-boosters of the employees, and according to Murphy (2001), belief is a thought that causes the power of subconscious to be distributed into all phases of life. Motivation and Reward System Reward systems are created to fuel the employee cooperation, effort and overall satisfaction of all members of the company Cacioppe (1999). Other researchers like Hackman (1997) Shea and Guzzo (1987) too have endorsed this view, and suggested to align rewards with group activities. The basic parameter of the formulating a reward structure, however, is expected to apply the common logic like optimizing the ability of the workforce as a whole, though in practice it might go down to an individual, especially where the work patterns are not interdependent. This situation commands a quick review of the nature of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic Rewards Deci (1975) says that intrinsic rewards evoke a sense of personal causation – i. e.  , an inward mechanism serving as the guiding engine for the action, where its elements are usually intangible and working on the plane of one’s perception, where the journey is being enjoyed over the outcome. Extrinsic Rewards Extrinsic rewards are supposed to generate perceptions of external causation (Deci, 1975) by being mostly tangible in nature – a hike in salary or status, or material gains in other forms. However, researchers like Guzzo, (1979) defies any division in the reward system and considers it a single, usable tools to tweak the frequency of desired response of the employees towards a desired direction. Researchers like Hull (1943) and Skinner (1953) placed extrinsic reward as a direct link between stimulus and response, and their views include punishment as a stimulus too, besides subscribing to the power of stimulus. Reaction No matter how much Hull (1943) and Skinner (1953) wanted to establish extrinsic motivation as the best motivating tool to earn competitive advantage, extrinsic motivation carries a hidden cost besides the cost involved in its implementation. Researchers like Deci and Ryan (1985) used attribution theory and suggested that humans constantly reassess the reasons for their behaviors besides others. Before that, Lepper et al. (1973) had observed that reinforcement generates two effects for the management, like gaining control over activity or fastening the process; two, the backlash effect in absence of reinforcement. The example below would explain it better: A group or an individual gets a reward of x amount of money for a period y, where x+y=m, m being the increased rate of production. Before that, the situation was y=z where production was z. Now in the absence of reinforcement and with the influence of attribution theory, the situation would stand like y-x = n, where n < z. This clearly goes against the basic reason for motivating the employees, i. e. , to enhance the profit of the organization. â€Å"Engagement occurs when an employee connects emotionally with his work,† says Paul Glen (2007), and if one checks the mechanism of motivation, one gets convinced that extrinsic motivation cannot influence the employees to connect emotionally with their work, as it is guided by absent qualia, i. e. , a momentary and involuntary chase, where emotion has no role to play. On the other hand, the intrinsic motivation is guided by inverted qualia, i.  e. , conscious chase and that clearly takes along emotion in its journey and influence the human mind in no less than six ways. Conclusion The research and discussion above clearly shows that extrinsic motivation system can be a threat in disguise for the organizations especially under the present context of economic downturn, while intrinsic motivation can be the ideal solution under the same circumstance, where it can raise emotional attachment with the organization and inspire the employees to produce more for less. References Cacioppe, R. (1999). Using team-individual reward and recognition strategies to drive organizational success. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 20(6), pp. 322-331. Deci, E. and Ryan, R. (1985) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. New York: Plenum Press. Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum. Denett, D. C. (1990). Quining qualia†. In Mind and Cognition, W. Lycan (Ed. ), Oxford: Blackwell, 519-548. Dennett, D. C. (1991). Consciousness explained. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Glen, P. (2007). You Can’t Outsource Retention. Computerworld, July 16, 2007. Guzzo, R. A. (1979). Types of rewards, cognitions, and work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 4(1), pp. 75-86. Hackman, J. R. (1997). Why teams don’t work. In R. S. Tindale, J. Edwards, & E. J. Posavac (Eds. ) Applications of theory and research on groups to social issues. New York: Plenum. American Politics in the Context of Obama’s Election and the First 100 Days. (2016, Oct 14).

Little Miss Sunshine as Example of American Independent Cinema Essay

Little Miss Sunshine as Example of American Independent Cinema - Essay Example This enables studios to 'test' more experimental films, taking the more successful of these to greater box office success without risking the reputation of the major sponsoring house. Film expert Bruce Kawin (1992) suggests that the term 'independent' has been used to refer to a wide variety of different types of film. There are those producers who are completely independent from the major studios, creating their films on their own and then selling studios distribution rights and those who create films on home video cameras and attempt to distribute or not on their own, both generally supportive of mainstream social power structures. While these are technically independent films, Kawin and others prefer using the term independent film to refer to producers who work outside the mainstream in terms of representation or as a means of strongly questioning the status quo and might instead be called the avant-garde. As a form of classification, the term 'independent film' has been applied most frequently to those productions which have an unusual, divergent or 'quirky' character. In attempting to pinpoint the concept of the independent film and its characteristics, some of the more common formal traits of independent films will be identified and then examined as they appear or don't appear within the film Little Miss Sunshine, an independent film that could be argued to represent a form of cross-over event between independent film and mainstream because of its social perspective. ... e common characteristics of independent film in America can include its 'quirky' character, the sense of its message, a sense of innocence and/or irony in this message delivery, unique camera angles creating what might be considered amateur professionalism with carefully orchestrated characters and scenes and a generally lower degree of post-production editing. Thus, independent film can be characterized through its plot, technique, tone and social commentary. By 'quirky', most film experts intend to mean that the film conveys slightly odd renditions of the familiar mainstream tropes rather than completely radical swings away from what one might expect. These may take the form of an unusual combination of characters, slightly strange variations of relationships or objects or somewhat different methods of presenting the audio or visual material. What is unique about the 'quirky' is that it is, as James MacDowell claims, "crucially, a comic address that requires we view the fiction as simultaneously absurd and moving, the characters as pathetic and likeable, the world as manifestly artificial and believable" (2010: 4). While the world presented in independent film is strange and different, it is still presented as relatively safe and non-controversial. In keeping with this concept, MacDowell says many independent films will include musical scores that carry connotations of sweet and simple, high in repetition, higher on the musical register and frequently within a waltz time signature as a means of encouraging an association with childhood. A strong connection with the child-like or the innocent is carried throughout the visual presentation as well. However, other experts such as Jeffrey Sconce (2002) claim a strongly ironic or nihilistic approach within the independent

International Management program(dissertation proposal ) Essay

International Management program(dissertation proposal ) - Essay Example Market is in perfect equilibrium; it is tax-free and asset and capital markets are perfect. This framework of consumer behaviour requires some changes in the neo-classical consumer theory to include some characteristics of property market like consumer tastes, viewpoints, choices that create the scenario for an imperfect, not-competitive theory of property market. In the context of what we have read about the neo-classical theory of demand, it would be interesting to test the theory on emerging countries like China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Two major cities of China – Beijing and Shanghai are recuperating from the after-effects of recession worldwide. It would be interesting to confirm the validity of the neo-classical theory of consumer demand and supply of land, which is limited and the role of the government in stabilising the property market. What would be the housing demand model, the determinants of housing demand and practical scenario due to the limited land availability, as the cities are expanding seamlessly Behaviour of Beijing and Shanghai property market; how has the Beijing Olympics 2008 have impacted the property market? What is the reaction of China government policy shift in allowing foreigners to buy house of their choice. The Shanghai property market, according to Colliers International (2008), is passing through a phase of cooling down. Investors have changed their preferences by focusing on the leasing market. Over supply has increased the vacancy rate. In this context, it is interesting to study the house price Basic DiPasquale-Wheaton model, its different stages by using simplified or reduced form function from the demand and supply equation. Leung & Wang (2007) have projected the China housing market in the DiPasquale Wheaton model, showing analysis of different stages of housing market consequently. Short term and long term policy effects and recommendations will be discussed. The role played by the government

Multicultural in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multicultural in Education - Essay Example However, some professionals accept as factual that putting them all into one assembly for the study is unjust and does not supply ethnic minorities with the identical achievement they deserve. All education has a sense of solace and belonging for students. In the varied world, supplying education for cultures diversity is essential. The first step in conceiving a multicultural education is to realize the cultures and ethnic assemblies of students. As teachers, it is significant to manage a little study, in numerous cultures. As a class varies from year to year, is the cultures composition of your students. One way to start is to realize that it is culture. According to Bell (2004), cultures mind-set, standards, conviction schemes, norms and customs of the assembly, who formed their own cultures? For teachers to do well, they should seem that somebody cares about if or not they succeed. Teachers should boost all teachers to make their full promise, despite of their culture. Creating a n air of tolerance, acceptance, and care will encompass the whole class. When cultures dissimilarities are initiating difficulties should be advised as a group. Children should understand that this is usual, in another way. Combining the dissimilarities in the open air, it will open the minds of those teachers not revealed to cultures differences.

Practicing Corporate Social Responsibility is good for Business Essay

Practicing Corporate Social Responsibility is good for Business - Essay Example Those socially minded non-commercial and the commercial businesses have a responsibility in the provision of equal employment opportunities, accessibility, safe work environments, fair wages and job training. The above-mentioned factors are important in building the human capital. Several companies have gone an extra mile in offering non-mandated benefits like the financial assistance, subsidized housing, food, and health, as well as the educational programs. Generally, they contribute to most of the community programs encouraging volunteerism amongst individuals. Furthermore, the socially responsible firms in businesses adopt sustainable practices in business and support a wide range of many other environmental and the social concerns (Kotler, 2011). The awareness of social responsibility is a significant part of doing business. The corporate social responsibility movement usually encourages the companies to take much responsibility for the effects they have on the market places, workplace, society and the environment (Idowu, 2011). Firms need to be very vocal mostly on their social commitments in publicly reporting social impacts that result from their

Nuclear plants and seafood safety Dissertation

Nuclear plants and seafood safety - Dissertation Example Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦? List of Figures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦? List of Tables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..? Chapter 1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Chapter 2 Review of Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 2.1 Nuclear energy science†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 2.2. Civilian use of nuclear energy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 2.3. Why nuclear energy?.....................................................................13 2.3.1. Fuel Shortage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 2.3.2. Clean Energy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 2.3.3. Safe Energy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 2.3.4. Cost-effective Energy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 2.4 Nuclear plants: history †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 2.5. Risks of Nuclear Energy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....19 2.5.1. Radioactive Contamination†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.19 2.5.2. Waste water and materials from nuclear plants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..19 2.6 Impact of Nuclear Power Plants on Living Organisms in Sea and the Sea Ecosystem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..23 2.7 Impact of Sea Food which has undergone radioactive contamination on Human Health †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..24 2.7.1 Safe Levels an d... The impact of nuclear plants on seafood safety has of late become a matter of grave concern, especially in the aftermath of Japanese Tsunami disaster and its fall out on the nuclear plants of Japan. Worldwide import ban on Japanese seafood was the immediate response to it. Though it is argued fish can be grown safely in the vicinity of a nuclear plant, the possibility of radioactive contamination cannot be ruled out as was found in the case of Sellafeld nuclear plant. Added to this, the thermal pollution caused by the effluent warm water from the nuclear plants has the potential to destroy the surrounding entire sea ecosystem, as was shown in the instances of massive algal blooms. Above all, the sustaining risk of a nuclear accident and the consequences to sea food, as was shown in the sea food studies in the aftermath of Japan’s Fukushima nuclear plant once again raise the question whether nuclear energy plants could be an option even. When a compilation is made of the availa ble literature on the threat posed by nuclear plants to sea food safety, negatives are found to far outweigh the positives. Notwithstanding many positive aspects of nuclear energy, the recent earthquakes on Japan’s sea coastline and the consequent risks that emerged from Japanese nuclear plants, signifies a need for rethinking on nuclear energy. There is emerging a major shift in the direction of discourses happening on the nuclear energy front in terms of choice and viability.

Information Technology - Questions to be answered Essay

Information Technology - Questions to be answered - Essay Example Expert systems (in general all symbolic systems) and neural networks are two "rival" approaches to Artificial Intelligence, both having different application areas within this scope. expert system design may take months of gathering information and testing. On the other hand, a neural network may be designed and trained in a few days after most examples related with the domain are gathered. A good rule of thumb is if the rules are not well defined and there is a lot of training data then use neural network approach. If there are no examples available then a classical expert system approach may be taken. Apart from this, there are of course other criteria for deciding which approach to follow: Expert system technology is a mature and well expressed technology which is currently available. it can be stated that the desire for increased knowledge has brought expert systems out of the research laboratories into the office. Expert systems are good at procedural types of problems such as strategy, scheduling, and teaching. They are better than manuals because they ask the user only relevant information, they incorporate past experience into solving the problem, and they answer questions about their reasoning process [17]. Data warehousing can ensure that a company remains profitable as... 2. Summarize how a data warehouse might become a survival issue for a company Data warehousing can ensure that a company remains profitable as it can help businesses and consumers cut through the chase and provide a more meaningful service to both consumer and business, or they can be used in such a way as to harm the business, the consumer or both. With this potentially tremendous power comes tremendous responsibility. Companies that choose to engage in data warehousing activities should have in place not only a technical team for implementation, but also a sound data security policy as well as an ethical use policy. These policies should be made available to the consumers whose information is stored within the warehouse. The following table summarizes the seven myths and counter-myths discussed in this paper, organized by value to the consumer, business and society as a whole. Source: (Joseph Cazier and Ryan LaBrie, 7 Myths of Common Data Warehousing Practices: An examination of consumer, business and societal value. 2003) 3. ERP, CRM and other behemoth conceptual information systems represent behemoth physical systems. Compare and contrast whether or not such behemoth conceptual systems inhibit an organization's physical system and its ability to be agile The phrase "agile organization" refers to an organization that can respond in a real-time enough fashion to situations that impact the health and well-being of the organizations and its stakeholders. Becoming "agile" typically involves a combination of process re-engineering as well as the deployment of application, infrastructure and management capabilities with the goal of taking time and cost out of business processes, while improving the quality of these

Local Lawsuit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Local Lawsuit - Essay Example Summary of the actions that lead to the lawsuit against Henry’s Turkey Service The U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) acting on behalf of thirty-two intellectually disabled former workers of Henry’s Turkey Services filed a lawsuit against their employer because of payment/ wages discrimination. The EEOC in their lawsuit accused Henry’s Turkey Service of deliberately paying the intellectually disabled workers less wages as compared to their able-bodied counter-parts who did the same job as the intellectually disabled workers. In specific, the EEOC accused Henry’s Turkey Service of paying each of the thirty-two intellectually disabled workers a total wage of $65 per month during the contract period, which was between 2007 and 2009 instead of the average $11 to $12 per hour, which their non-disabled counterparts got. The EEOC alleged that because of this wage discrimination at Henry’s Turkey Services, each of the thirty-two intellectual ly disabled workers accrued lost income in the range of $28,000 to $45,000 during the two-year contract (EEOC). Despite paying, the thirty-two intellectually disabled workers undeserving wage per month, the EEOC also accused Henry’s Turkey Service of verbally abusing them, physically mistreating them despite their condition, imposing crude punishments on them, and unlawfully restricting their freedom thereby interfering with the first amendment rights, according to O'Keeffe (1993). In addition, the employer also failed to provide them with appropriate health care as recommended by the labor laws and lastly, imposing on them inhuman terms and conditions in their employment contract such as forcefully housing them collectively in a substandard house. However, it is beneficial to note that the above-mentioned charges against Henry’s Turkey Service are set for trial hearing starting from March 2013. According to the studies conducted by Pimentel et al. (1992) and O'Keeffe (1993), Henry’s Turkey Service openly practiced pay discrimination, which violated the Americans with Disabilities Act that advocate for equal treatment as well as equal pay to disabled people within the American Society. The pay discrimination by Henry’s Turkey Service also violated the labor laws, which advocate for equal opportunity as well as treatment at the workplace and the international human rights law that advocate against discrimination of any member of the society based on race, gender, religion, cultural background or intellectual capacity (Cohen, 2005). Risk management by Henry’s Turkey Service There are a number of measures, which Henry’s Turkey Services could have implemented to prevent the likelihood of such a lawsuit from arising, and costing the company $1.3 million arising from the court’s verdict, which was in favor of the thirty-two intellectually disabled workers. One of the risk management strategies that the company could h ave implemented was awarding the thirty-two intellectually disabled workers same wage rate as their non-disabled counterparts who also worked at the evisceration line at the company’s premises. The equal payment is justified because a supervisor from West Liberty Foods acting as a witness for the EEOC stated that the intellectually di

Administrator Challenges Essay Example for Free

Administrator Challenges Essay In modern society there are many challenges to police work. They can be very overwhelming but many grant satisfaction. It takes a special individual to be a police officer and perform the duties that are required by law for them to do. This paper will look at the satisfactions and challenges of police work on a day to day basis. One challenge that police officers face daily is the stress that accompanies the job. Many officers face very stressful and intense situations that need to be handled carefully. A police officer may face a crowd that is rioting and looting and is greatly outnumbered. He or she faces the risk of being overrun and this can be detrimental to their emotions. They may be in fear of their life because crowds feed off of each other and can become very aggressive and violent. In some instances the officer will face gunfire and this puts the officer in a life or death situation. See more: Foot Binding In China essay If the officer has to kill the subject then the officer may face Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and this can affect their performance of their daily duties and their personal lives. According to (Gersons, 1989) shooting incidents are a rare phenomenon in low violence police work; however, when a shooting incident occurs, the psychological impact for the officers involved may take the form of severe PTSD (Stewart,2011). There are programs that help individuals to cope with PTSD and can get help from The National Institute for Mental Health. Another challenge that our police officers face on a daily basis is the relations they have with the citizens of the community. Many members of society see the police officers as the enemy or are out to get them. This cannot be further from the truth. The officers need to know how to  communicate with the people in stressful situations. Most people do not realize that officers are called to show up at a residence and it may be the worst day of that individual’s life. Police officers communicate with people from a wide variety of backgrounds, attitudes, and preconceptions (2008). One skill an officer uses at one call may not work at another call. The officer must adapt and control the situation and use his or her training to get the facts and information from the bystanders or the victim(s). With all the challenges and stressors that come with policing there are also satisfactions that come with the job. Officers serve and protect the public. They patrol the streets to ensure the community is safe from would be offenders or to apprehend the ones that have already committed crimes. They take individuals of the streets that are a danger to society. They help people that may have a flat tire, domestic disputes, or have had their home broken in to. The officers feel satisfied when they capture the suspect and when they help people in need. When the officers are recognized for their good work they are satisfied with their job and may become more motivated to improve their performance on the job. Many strive to climb the ranks and with each promotion come more satisfaction. A career in law enforcement in itself is a satisfaction that many people do not get. Many officers do not do the job for the pay but rather the rewards that come with the job in serving and helping the community. Certain officers find it very rewarding when they can help a juvenile down the right path and to possibly mentor others from making life changing mistakes. Officers need to stay positive in their work and duties to ensure job satisfaction because it can affect the work they perform and also affect community relations as to how they see the police. Thus, poor performance can impact police-community relations by adversely affecting public attitudes toward the police (Buzawa, Austin, Bannon, 1994). In the routine of having a positive work attitude and environment it creates less stress levels and fewer symptoms of stress that can lead to absenteeism, burnout, and alcoholism. There are many reasons why people do not want to become part of the law enforcement community but there are a lot of reasons and rewards why other people feel they are being called to serve and protect. Officers face many  challenges every day from life threatening to resolving domestic disputes. They forever have a family in blue and will always share each other’s pain and satisfactions. Reference Buzawa, S. E. (1984). Determining patrol officer job satisfaction: The role of selected demographic and job-specific attitudes. Criminology, 22, 61-81. Gutahun, S., Sims, B., Hummer, D. (2008). Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Among Probation and Parole Officers: A Case Study. PoliceOne, (). Police Communication: Why Does it Matter?. (June 2008). Retrieved from http://www.natcom.org/CommCurrentsArticle.aspx?id=886 Stewart, S. (2011, March). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Effect on Law Enforcement. Camp Robinson Police Department,

Intercultural communication Essay Example for Free

Intercultural communication Essay The only way for Africa to rise out from the ruins of its social conflicts is to drop its notions of finding a scapegoat. There will always be good days and bad days. Equality in every aspect of human life is an ideal dream. Progress varies among people. Instead of pulling people down, assistance should be given to individuals who are in need. It is a way of giving back what is due for the person. African citizens should not look at foreigners as a threat. They must look at the new individuals as helpers in the establishment of growth and development. â€Å"There has been an increasing awareness towards racism throughout the southern Africa, due to land conflicts and resource-based racial tensions, as well as the increasing number of refugees and migrants that have challenged national governments to be more incisive in their policies concerning racial relations and immigration† (Pinto, 2000). Immigrants must be considered as hard working individuals who are simply out to make their lives harmonious and comfortable. The turmoil in the African region can only be solved with a thorough understanding of the consequences brought upon by the implementation of harsh and cruel methods. Bloodshed is not necessary. Senseless killings have nothing to contribute to the society. Engaging in the hate campaign will bring agony not only to the victims but to the perpetrators as well. People who brandish their firearms and fire them recklessly have no motivation at all. Because of the ongoing racial conflict, education has fallen out of radar. There are numerous significant things to do which hatred and violence have taken out of the picture. Africa and the rest of the world can be progressive. By eliminating the ill feeling being harbored by individuals towards their fellowmen, new ways of stabilizing a society can be achieved and manifested. People must concentrate on what is good. Good things bear good fruits. Hatred has no place in the present world if peace and stability is to be attained. It takes courage and determination to eliminate the element of hate from destroying the unity and affection among people. The violence in Africa is a prime example of respect. The influx of foreigners into neighboring lands can lead to cooperation. It is true that a diversity of different cultural backgrounds can be difficult to incorporate together. But by respecting and understanding other people’s cultural heritage and traditions can bring significant results. CONCLUSION The violence in Africa is a senseless method of self preservation. It is an act that does not promote human preservation as a whole. Citizens are threatened by the numerous populations that seek refuge in a continent already suffering from various social concerns. In the past, war among clans and tribes is common. Leaders are out to grab power. Individuals want to control parts of the land. The problem with people around the world is that they are too consumed by their emotions. Hatred has found a common ground for it to build momentum. â€Å"The attitude of racism is based on prejudice, which is more emotion, feeling and bias than it is judgments† (Vorster, 2002). By entertaining the thought of inflicting harm over the other person to gain an upper hand, violence is sure to explode, just as it erupts in the streets and vast lands of Africa. BIBLIOGRAPHY Barrow, G.. South Africa’s New Racism. BBC News. (2000, August 28). Retrieved October 1, 2007 from http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/world/africa/899543. stm Pinto, R.. Racism and Xenophobia Debate Gains Momentum. Southern African News Features. (2000, October 16). Retrieved October 1, 2007 from http://www. sardc. net/editorial/sanf/2000/Iss19/Nf4. html Vorster, J. M.. Racism, Xenophobia and Human Rights. The Ecumenical Review. (2002, July). Retrieved October 1, 2007 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m2065/is_3_54/ai_92136475 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Attacks on Somalis Expose Xenophobia. IRIN. (2007, October). Retrieved October 1, 2007 from http://www. irinnews. org/report. aspx? reportid=60776 Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Federation. Xenophobia, Solidarity and the Struggle of Zimbabwe. (2006, December 11). Retrieved October 1, 2007 from http://www. anarkismo. net/newswire. php? story_id=4424.

The Quran And The Bible Comparison Religion Essay

The Quran And The Bible Comparison Religion Essay All around the world, There are diverse religions depending on the kind of values, beliefs, culture, and practices with which the one of us has grew up. Those aspects have a direct relationship with the different religious books that represent the ultimate and most important reference that edify and enlighten these rules for any one of us. Accordingly, these books provide us also with instructions, regulations, and set of laws organizing our lives and paving us the way to stay in this world in the best possible manner. Having the chance to enroll in the class of World Literature was for me an opportunity to study and explore different important literature works which for sure helped to enrich, improve and develop my critical thinking abilities. Among the works that I have read are for instance, Gilgamesh that said to be to first ever great heroic narrative of world literature and that is originated back to the prehistory. The Iliad that I have seen as a movie and read and that is tal king about the great story of two great civilizations: the Trojans and Achaeans. In addition, and more importantly, the two literature works that I have enjoyed the most are: From the one hand, there is the Hebrew Bible which is the sacred writings of the Jews and it encompasses a rich variety of texts from different periods in poetry and prose. For instance, the Old Testament (Torah) is the holiest writing of Jews that means the law and instructions. Also, it is important to read this section of the Old Testament since even the prophet Mohamed showed respect to it. In addition, the torah dates to 1200 B.C when it was first spoken and 1000 B.C when it was first written (Benjamin R. Foster, 2009). Therefore, the Bible remains the ultimate source to study the Jewish civilization and people from different modes and perspectives and to communicate with them with best possible manner. On the other hand, the Quran is defined as the holy writing or book by all Muslims, it is considered as the authentic sayings of God that the prophet Mohammed received orally. Muslims refuse totally the idea that says that the prophet is the source of Quran, Mohammed for Muslims is just a messenger to whom God transmitted a message to deliver to the rest of humanity. The Quran is mainly the ultimate proof of gods mercy for us, for the whole Muslim community it is considered as the confirmation and the accomplishment of the previous holy books namely the Bible and the Torah. The content of the Quran doesnt address direct life issues but talks more generally about life values and principles, it talks also about different topics such as skies and earth, the environment, nature, different races, natural phenomena ethical issues, history of old people and their moral examples. The Quran occupies the most important place in the Muslims mind, this shows mainly in the fact that majority try to make their children learn the Quran by heart and understand the meaning of the words in it. The Quran wasnt revealed to Mohammed in one part but in different parts that took twenty three years in Mecca and Medina, it is composed of hundred and fourteen sections classified under different themes. The Quran is of high value for Muslims as it constitutes the one and only miracle of the prophet Mohammed represented in the oral revelation of gods words. Quran was translated to different languages in different parts of the world for understanding matters. However the only reference for Muslims stays always the Quran in Arabic because of the interpretations that may have a different meaning if translated. It seems for granted that many issues around religion have been exhausted and dealt with thoroughly to the extent that no further work on them would be given the interest it owes. Those issues have received much interest on the expense of the current issues that brainstorm the mind of writers and scholars. Every one of them tries his best to contrast and compare the principal aspects of different religions, namely Quran and the Bible. What really brought this topic to the surface and made of it the hot spot in media and theology studies are the recurrent events that have made of our planet a volcano-like crater. Samuel Huntingtons work The Clash of Civilizations could be considered as the drop that made the situation even worse and tense. In his book, Huntington points out that the world is heading towards a global clash between civilizations of which religion is the heart. Religion is, therefore, considered as the essence and the backbone of every civilization. In other words, relig ion is not only the law that people can watch to reach a better after life, but also it has always been a central means of organizing human life and dynamics. Thus my humble work will try to contrast and compare Quran and the Bible, though it is not a simple task as it sounds to be. My attempt will not cover all the specific distinctions, but rather would shed some light on the major concepts that are witness in both religions. It is true that both religions, Quran and the Bible, share many meeting points to the extent that both are labelled as the Abrahamic religions bearing in mind it is so difficult to compare and contrast them as in the Bible there is such a wide range of beliefs and practices among different wings of Christianity: Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodox, churches, the Anglican communion, and the tens of thousands of Protestant faith groups. The same case applies to Islam knowing that there are four different schools -called Madahib: Malikki, Hanafi, Chafii and Hanbali. These schools are referred to as the Sunni Madaheb and they are methods or ways of interpreting of the religious materials in the three levels: beliefs, religious practices and law. To simplify the task, I will limit myself to three major aspects that can be tracked in both religions and to see how every religion views those subject matters and what version it gives to them. I will tackle the concept of uniqueness of God in both religions. Then I will try to cover the notion of revelation as well as the Ten Commandments and Quran. 1-GOD Herman Roborgh (2009), in his article Paradoxes of Christianity and Islam argues that The scriptures of both Islam and Christianity are full of paradoxes. Some readers of paradoxes simply emphasise only one part of the paradox and neglect the other. Critics of Quran and of Bible feast on one-sided interpretation of this sort. Other readers smooth over the apparent contradictions or are so dulled by familiarity that they do not even notice them. Accordingly, we can believe that there is a plain reality that no one can deny which is the agreement of both religions on the concept of the oneness of God and His power. This notion is referred to in Quran as Tawheed. In Quran God, could be translated as Allah, is the unique and supreme. He is the creator, sustainer, ordainer, and judge of the universe. God has 99 names all of which testify that He is the owner of the judgement day. He is the one that would describe or ascribe all existing things: God is the First and the Last, the Outward and the Inward; God is the Knower of everything (Sura 57:3). Meanwhile, Muslims are to consider themselves as the servants and friends of God since He is the almighty and has full knowledge of the secrets of the heart (Roborgh 2009). Therefore, He deserves to be worshipped and glorified alone and no one else should be worshipped or taken as an intermediate between the followers and Him. Muslims believe in one unitary and omnipotent God Allah. The ultimate purpose of humanity is submission to Allah in every aspect of life including faith, family, peace, love and work. Islam is strongly monotheistic and abhors both the attribution of divinity to any human and the notion that Allah might be divisible. It means that primary concern for Muslims must be to believe in the oneness of God and to avoid the attribution of any human characteristics to God such as mortality or family. This is strongly felt is this Sura They take their priests and their anchorites to be their lords in derogation of Allah, and (they take as their Lord) Christ the son of Mary; yet they were commanded to worship but One God (Allah): there is no god but He. Praise and glory to Him: (far is He) from having the partners they associate (with Him). Quran 9:31 As for Christians, God or Lord is unique. We can start with what The Bible dictates in (One of the Commandments) You shall not have no other gods before me. Exodus 20:3. This strongly shows that Christians are to believe in one God and not to involve another one in worshipping him. Yet, the main difference with the Quran is that the Bible believes that God has a son, according to the concept of Trinity which is the nucleus of the Athanasian Creed which states that: There is one person of the Father, another of the Son, and another of the Holy Ghost. But the Godhead of the father, of the son, and of the Holy Ghost is one, the glory equal, the majesty co-eternal. The father is god, the son if god, and the Holy Ghost is god. And yet they are not three gods, but one godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Marmarinta Umar P Mababaya). Despite having and believing in one god, we can see that power, regard and endearment are divided on the three corners of the cross: Lord, Son and the Holy Spirit. This seems to be contradictory. Both religions view God as a central character, which personifies power, wisdom and knowledge; virtues that mortals are unable to fully reach. Passages from the scriptures demonstrate such a fact. D. Emmanuel (2008) argues that The awareness of God and the belief in his initiative to reach out to humanity appears to be at the heart of both Bible and Quran. God appeared to Adam and conversed with him person to person (Sura 2: 31; cf. Genesis). In Quran as well as in Bible, the power of God lies in one word Be. All His orders and wishes are executed merely by uttering this word. Muslims go further to say that be and it is is the secret of the beginning of the universe. The same notion is seen in The Bible. To illustrate we can mention the story of the creation of the universe. This story states that God created heaven and then created the earth but some time later God noticed that darkness was dominating all over and then the spirit of God said Let there be light, and there was light. 2- Revelation This leads us to talk about the second common point between Quran and Bible which Revelation of God. The Quran and Bible have given us many clues and details about the existence of a merciful and caring God. W. Rauschnebusch (2010) concludes that since the creation of the world, the invisible character of God, his everlasting power and godhead, has been discerned through his visible works. To put it differently, we can say that we feel the existence of god though we dont see Him and, hence, maintain a sort of connection with him via his creations that really keep us perplexed everyday. God has been addressing his messengers as well as all his followers in three different ways: first, that God has spoken to humanity as person to person; second, that his revelation was fragmentary in its contents and forms; and third, that revelations culminated in one who by his peculiar relations to God guarantees a perfection to which broken and incomplete revelations did not attain. Consequently, t o account for our weakness and blindness, God has reached down to us and has revealed himself to men. Both religions point out that God revealed himself to us and gave us knowledge of himself. The Quran claims to be the culmination of all the previous Revelations, and contains the fundamental teachings of all the previous Prophets and Scriptures. Referring to the previous Prophets and their Books, God says to the Muslims: These are they whom Allah guided, so follow their guidance. (6:91) A Messenger from Allah, who recites unto them the pure Scriptures, wherein are the lasting commandments. (98:2-3) (Khalid Saifullah Khan) Nevertheless, how revelation has taken place is the key difference that lies between Quran and Bible. Father Zakaria Boutros says that god delivers his godly message when a spiritual contact occurs between the prophet or messenger and God and that the Holy Sprit which is the spirit of god gives meanings and thoughts to mens spirit. Christians insist on the absence of an intermediary between god and men or the messengers unlike in Islam. Revelation in Islam is the Quran and its assembly. Sometimes God enters in a direct revelation with his prophet to transfer what is in godly thoughts and knowledge or he relies on an intermediary like angels. Nasr Abu Zayd (2010) points out that Muhammads first encounter was not with the Lord; it was with the angel. In this encounter, the divine is presented in an intimate personal. This mean that Gods revelations have taken many forms to approach His prophets and messengers. These forms or ways differs from the two Abrahimic traditions religions. The Quran, in one verse, pointed to the three ways of revelation saying: It is not fitting for a man that God should speak to him except by inspiration, or from behind a veil, or by the sending of a messenger to reveal, with Gods permission, what God wills: for He is Most High, Most Wise {Consultation Chapter (Surat Ash-Shura) 51}. By the direct revelation we mean the insertion of the meaning or knowledge into the heart of the prophet. This is clearly noticed in the Hadith Narrated by Ibn Masoud from Ibn Hayan: the prophet, said: the Holy Spirit inserted into me a converse: No soul will die until it fulfils its sustenance. This concept is close to the Christian way of revelation since it doesnt implicate any kind of intermediary between god and his chosen prophet. The second type of revelation according to the Quran is behind a veil while addressing his prophets such as Moses. The third kind of revelation is sending an angel with a message to deliver. The angel in charge of this is Gabriel. Al-Bokhary Narrated from Aeisha that Al-Hares Ibn Hashim asked the prophet Muhammad: How the revelation comes to you, he said: sometimes he speaks to me and I recognize him, another time the angel comes to me in a human form speaking to me and I recognize what he says. All Muslim scholars agree on the fact that Quran is the speech of Allah be it in words or meaning. But this definition may lead us to overlook or exclude another type of text in Quran from being a part of Allahs revelation. It is the Hadith Qudssi which refers to the inspiration of meaning from Allah but the words are from the prophet Muhammed. This kind of revelation does not exist in Bible. This constitutes in itself a huge difference between revelation in Quran and that in the Bible. What is really typical is that during most revelations messengers and prophets were subject to some supernatural events and happenings that mankind is not used to. These events might have great psychological and physical complications. To illustrate, Moses lost consciousness when he entered in a dialogue with God on the mountain of Sinai. Another instance could be the weird cold the prophet Muhammad felt in a hot day when the angel descended to him with the message from Allah. Once back, he asked his wife to warm him up by putting more blankets on him. I also end this part about revelation with the quote of Montgomery Watt ;After all these considerations, what have Christians to say about the prophethood of Muhammad? For Muslims, Jesus is a prophet and is indeed something more than a prophet, since the Quran (4.171) speaks of him as Gods word which he put into Mary and a spirit from him. For Christians the question of Muhatnmads prophethood is difficult [Life of many Muslim people changed to better even in hard circumstances]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ These points lead to the conclusion that the view of reality presented in the Quran is true and from God, and that Muhammad is therefore a genuine prophet.( Niyazi BEKI 2005). 3-The Ten Commandments Sebastian Gunther, who is a pioneer scholar in the University of Toronto, draws the conclusion that the Ten Commandments are very fundamental for communities, societies and cultures of Judeo-Christian tradition. They are like the Magna Carta for social order. The commandments are not intended as concrete legislation (or laws) but as a formulation of conditions for membership in the community, to be enforced by God, not by any human authority. They are essentially categorical imperatives of universal validity, above time and independent of circumstances. The Ten Commandments comprise the most famous set of religious and ethical rules in the world. (Royal Ontario Museum) Here the need for this question rises. Does Quran have any account for the Ten Commandments? And are they similar to the ones in The Bible? As far as the Ten Commandments of Bible are concerned, they are divided into two groups of five commandments. The first five ones revolve around the relationship between God and his followers. Whereas the other five remaining commandments regulate the interactions between people themselves. Quran, on the other hand, does not contain any specific passages or ayah for the Ten Commandments, but on two different areas, Quran makes hints to the commandments when we come across the ayah when God reveals Himself to Moses in the mount of Sinai. In these verses we have the impression that God is recommending to Moses to abide by his dictations when dealing with the Jews. (142) And We appointed with Moses thirty nights and We completed them with ten, so the appointed time of his Lord was forty nights (143) And when Moses came [to Mount Sinai] to Our appointed time and his Lord spoke with him (144) Said He, Moses, I have chosen thee above all men for My Messages and My Utterance; take what I have given thee, and be of the thankful. (145) And We wrote for him on the Tablets of everything an admonition and a distinguishing of everything Surat Alaaraf. 7:142-5 (late Meccan period). Here we see that God has given Moses Tablets in which the commandments were written. They are sort of laws or contracts between Moses and the Jewish. It is of a paramount importance to mention that the Quran believes strongly that The Bible has been corrupt and that all its texts are not reliable sources since they have been modified and lost their divine originality as a consequence to many factors such as personal interest. Yet many happenings coincide to a great extent with what have been mentioned in Quran. Conclusion All in all, through this paper, I tried to compare and contrast some notions in Quran and The bible. Of course, it is hard to cover all the paradoxes and similarities between the two Abrahimic religions. For this reason and many others, I opted for three major points which are God, revelation and The Ten Commandments. I came to the conclusion that Quran and The bible share many common points much more than the differences they have. Both of them believe in the oneness of God and his supreme power. The also agree on a set of qualities and characteristics of God. God is the creator of the universe and the unique judge. The second point along which I contrasted both religions is revelation. Gods revelation to people is mentioned in both sacred books but what differs is the way of this revelation. The need to launch and maintain a communication between the creator and his creatures seems indispensable because prophets and people always need guidance from the one who knows everything- God. Last but not least, The Ten Commandments constitute the guide line or Magna Carta that regulate life for the Christians. Though they are not directly cited in Quran, there are some hints that could be interpreted as the Ten Commandments. My humble works seems far away from perfection, and further work must be carried to shed more light on this complicated issue. As a Muslim, I strongly believe that the reference text should be Quran which is the original version that has not undergone any kind of forging or modification unlike The Bible.

Automotive Enginereing :: essays papers

Automotive Enginereing As long as there are people there will always be a means of transportation. No matter what kind of mechanical transportation it will fail eventually. Which means there will always be a job that pays good money that is labeled â€Å"Automotive Technician.† The pay of an auto technician depends on many different things. The place of employment can be a crucial factor in the amount of money to be made. Another factor is experience. A college degree in automotive tech will pay a lot more than someone who is just starting with no experience. The responsibilities of an automotive technician are different types of jobs available. A shop foreman has the responsibilities of being able to show everyone how and what to do. He also has the responsibilities of keeping up with the parts and paperwork. He also is on call 24 hours a day 7 days a week for any problems that anyone has on the road. A mechanic has different responsibilities in which he has to comply. Some of which include being in good physical health, lots of energy, and a common knowledge of the trade. There are many different types of engines but there are 3 main types. Those of which are gasoline, diesel, and electrical. Gasoline is the most common engine because of the many verities and horsepower and gasoline mileage. Gasoline also burns super clear. Gasoline engines usually use a fuel injection system, which replace past problems with carburetors. There are 2 models of combustion used in gasoline engines. Strait fired charge is sometimes called ultra-clean combustion, which at 72 mph is the cleanest means of transportation besides the electric engine. The engine that puts out the most horsepower while consuming less fuel is the diesel engine. It uses pressure to compress the fuel until it explodes pushing the piston down which in turn creates horsepower. The disadvantages of the diesel engine would have to be that it creates a large amount of soot at low RPM. Soot is a concentrated amount of pollution combined with sulfur from the diesel fuel.

Imperialism Essay -- Imperialism Colonization History Essays

Imperialism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whether for economic, nationalist, or humanitarian reasons, more powerful nations have often interfered with the affairs of weaker nations. These more powerful nations, including the United States, Britain, and several European countries, have in the past exploited less fortunate ones for resources, capital, and knowledge. Yet in return countries located in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia have gained the technology and capital that, over a period of time and development, improves their quality of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One point of view could be that imperialism results in oppression and abuse. While this is sometimes a temporary side effect of larger nations adopting protectorates, the long term effects often cause the weaker nation to grow stronger. Even when a country feels they must rebel against their suppressor, they gain a sense of nationalism and independence, resulting in a more distinct culture than before. Why then, should a country have to withdraw from such interference?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another argument could be that only when needed, should a country be involved with another’s affairs. Yet with this point of view most would agree that there would be too much diversity in opinion when deciding exactly when help is needed. Also, countries such as Japan would never have developed, whose primary success was to take the ideas of other nations and better them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stronger countries must interfere in the affairs of weaker nations for the gain of both nations. A more powerful nation can better its own economy by sharing the resources of other nations and weaker nations are able to obtain an improved standard of living by learning new technologies that are more advanced than their own. Third world countries can receive food from stronger nations and heathen nations can learn to be civilized from missionaries. Imperialism also follows the laws of social Darwinism, where the â€Å"fitter† and more advanced countries must prosper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An excellent example of how imperialism can benefit a weaker nation as well as a stronger, more dominant one is the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854. This treaty, forced upon the Japanese by the Americans, opened up two Japanese ports to foreign trade as well as meeting other demands of the Americans. Japan’s point of view was that by surrendering to the more powerful Americans they could a... ...nd, resources, and money. Use of this theory has resulted in the creation of Canada, the United States, and many other former European colonies. By exploiting natives, European nations (primarily Britain and France) were able to create colonies that bettered their economy. When these colonies became independent and rebelled, it created an even more powerful and nationalistic country, the United States. This knew country then created a theory using social Darwinism called Manifest Destiny where Americans believed they would soon conquer all of North America. Thus the struggle for survival of the fittest went on. These theories of Darwinism are easily be used to justify the imperialistic views of more powerful nations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By learning from the past it is easy to see that nations help each other when imperialism occurs, and even when oppression of some nations does happen, a stronger, more patriotic nation is able to come to power. Through helping themselves, stronger nations are able to create economic conditions beneficial to all nations. Allowing stronger nations to intervene in the matters of weaker nations should be encouraged for the growth of both countries.

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

Manor Animal Farm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The agenda for the animals in the movie Manor Animals Farm was to be free and to role themselves. They set a list of goal or rules that every animal had to follow. The leader pig got all the animals excited and committed in the goals that were set. The animals called a meeting so that the rules could be made and made official. They all came together to brainstorm ideas about the laws that the pig listed. These steps were taken in the farm to select the rules first before enforcing them. This is the first step to planning an agenda.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning the agenda requires understanding what each members need to accomplish by the end of the meeting. The plan has to be straight forward as possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The agenda of the animals was that they could not be like humans in any way for form. They will not dress or sleep in beds because that is being human.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The changes that occurred in the farm was that the law changed because of the leadership changed. A new pig with Cruz 2 a different image controlled the animals now. The new pig had new ideas and made the animals feed into what he was dreaming. The new leader made the other pigs believe in something that way not legal in the laws that they lived by before.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new leader pig started add and changing the words of the rules. He used the law to help him get into power and make the other animals trust him. The pig manipulated the law to his favor so the animals could make him the new leader and so that his ideas could be acted out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new leader changed a little of the rule that the old great leader put into writing. The changes confused the animals and questioned the new law. This change altered the agenda of the farm and made the pigs more into humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The climate of the first meeting was really positive. The animals were listening and singing songs because they were proud of their leader and his thoughts. The animals listen and expected the idea of the first leader because it affected them more then anything. There was no secret plans or anything. The leader helped the animals and that is what they liked about him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cruz3 The animals in the movie were singing and listing ever carefully. They all participated in the meeting in one way or form. Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays Manor Animal Farm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The agenda for the animals in the movie Manor Animals Farm was to be free and to role themselves. They set a list of goal or rules that every animal had to follow. The leader pig got all the animals excited and committed in the goals that were set. The animals called a meeting so that the rules could be made and made official. They all came together to brainstorm ideas about the laws that the pig listed. These steps were taken in the farm to select the rules first before enforcing them. This is the first step to planning an agenda.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning the agenda requires understanding what each members need to accomplish by the end of the meeting. The plan has to be straight forward as possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The agenda of the animals was that they could not be like humans in any way for form. They will not dress or sleep in beds because that is being human.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The changes that occurred in the farm was that the law changed because of the leadership changed. A new pig with Cruz 2 a different image controlled the animals now. The new pig had new ideas and made the animals feed into what he was dreaming. The new leader made the other pigs believe in something that way not legal in the laws that they lived by before.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new leader pig started add and changing the words of the rules. He used the law to help him get into power and make the other animals trust him. The pig manipulated the law to his favor so the animals could make him the new leader and so that his ideas could be acted out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new leader changed a little of the rule that the old great leader put into writing. The changes confused the animals and questioned the new law. This change altered the agenda of the farm and made the pigs more into humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The climate of the first meeting was really positive. The animals were listening and singing songs because they were proud of their leader and his thoughts. The animals listen and expected the idea of the first leader because it affected them more then anything. There was no secret plans or anything. The leader helped the animals and that is what they liked about him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cruz3 The animals in the movie were singing and listing ever carefully. They all participated in the meeting in one way or form.

CARE OF CLIENT IN LABOR AND DELIVERY Essay

Within our care of the patient, we were able to identify several problems that correlated to affecting our client’s ability to carry out the labor and delivery process. We also have identified several risk factors that posed a danger to the client’s prenatal and postpartal state. Based on our analysis, problems such as fatigue related to labor and delivery process and deficient knowledge related to new condition, procedure, and treatment /delivery process. Not only have we identified problems such as the ones stated. We have also managed to identify that our client is noncompliant with regards to her health beliefs and value system, powerlessness related to inability to make decisions with respect to taking appropriate health actions and interrupted family processes related to conflict between family members. Characteristics such as this have managed to add an additional problem in affecting her health. Though we managed to provide nursing interventions on several problems, we had also identified several risks such as risk for inadequate tissue perfusion r/t decreased cellular components required for the delivery of oxygen or nutrients to the cells s/t anemia and another risk like anemia related to her ineffective health maintenance. In a time of in our care, all things identified were provided with an intervention. Interventions that are not merely dependent but also independent. And through evaluation, certain goals were met upon our care. Teenage pregnancy will always have higher risks for acquiring anemia. In our analysis of the case, Madam M’s noncompliance with taking recommended medications and inadequate prenatal check-ups may also be one of the factors that lead her to have anemia. That’s why we came up with how important the nurses’ roles are in educating the subject to being active and participative in every care of plan health workers and as well as the subject should mutually collaborate. We also have studied that her condition could have been prevented from being her current illness if only she had her adequate prenatal check-ups together with her proper diet. Although it will never be good for the nurses to coerce any individual to be obliged follow what is to  be done, but at least nurses should help the subject to realize the significance of each heath practices. We also have concluded that it will be best if the nurses should be a listener considering that the subject is a teenage r.

Health Science

Ministry of Higher program line Oman Medical College Health Science political program By Marwa Rashid Al-Flaiti Objectives To fined the rate of fermentation of the apple and cultivated carrot juices, and compare their rates to apiece other. Introduction Procedure A 5. 00 ml of apple juice was taken in a clean 150 ml conical flask and diluted with 50 ml of distal water. Then, 2. 00 grams of Bakers yeast and 5. 00 ml of solution of Pasteurs salts were added to the above conical flask.The center of flask was shacked well and maintained the temperature of the reaction categorisation between 35-40 ? c by using hot water path. later on that, 10 drops of the reaction mixture from the flask were taken after 10 proceedings and added to a test tube which contained 1. 00 ml of Benedicts reagent. The test tube was placed in hot water for about 2. 00 minutes and changes in color were noticed. The last measuring rod was repeated every 10. 00 minutes for 6 times.The same procedure was used for carrot solution and rate of fermentation for both(prenominal) solutions were found. Observation * Volume of fruit juice taken = 5. 00 ml * Volume of dist. urine added = 50. 0 ml * Weight of Bakers yeast added = 2. 00 gm * Volume of solution of Pasteurs salts = 5. 00 ml Time (Min) Color of reaction mixture on reaction with Benedicts solution in case of Apple Carrot 10 Blue Dark Blue 20 young kelvin 30 Green Green 40 Green Green 50 Green Green 60 Green Dark Blue

Energy Efficiency – a Replacement to Load Shedding

Load shedding is one and only(a) of the biggest problem go virtually by everyone in Pakistan, no matter they ar domestic or commercial consumers. Pakistan is facing a serious muscularity crises and it whitethorn get worsened if not addressed seriously and promptly. Everyone is curious ab push through the role of government in dealing with this know and relieving consumers through immediate supply side solutions much(prenominal) as new provide sources. Government is vie its role in establishing new powerfulness plants and effectiveness of utilizing unleashed sources such as coal and renewable resources i. e. ind, solar etc.Domestic and commercial consumers sum to a greater extent than 60% in the entireness electrical nothing requirement of Pakistan. Currently, maximum dynamism deficit is 5500 MW in summers and immediate solutions atomic number 18 unable to meet this deficit in near future. It is not recommended to a consumer to agree on comfort by not operational so me of the high priority appliances but refined change in behavior may contribute much more than expected. Main electricity aim contributors are cooling and heating appliances used by domestic and commercial users.In order to define the impacts of such appliances, interrogation has been carried regarding the custom of get off conditioners in Pakistan. Consumers have been suffering from crises in form of excite shedding for hours in a day no immediate solution seems to be viable in extended summers. They tend to blame government and utility program companies for not reducing blame shedding. Energy could be made available for extended hours but a mass level awareness about good usage of readiness is required.Illegal connections, usage of unable and unnecessary appliances at peak demand clipping has worsened the situation and utility companies seem powerless about it. They are not left with both other option to reduce demand besides through load shedding. Air conditioner s are one of the major contributors in peak load in summer. They comprise 15% of the total peak load requiring at least 3000 MW for the country. A descry regarding usage of air conditioners was floated as a part of this research and 300 domestic and commercial consumers responded to the survey. peerless of the conclusions of the survey indicated that 21 0C is the average meet temperature for AC in households. From the same survey consumers were asked about the maximum control temperature used in household. The maximum average temperature was constitute to be 26 0C. In order to enquire the influence of this control temperature on household energy consumption and peak load demand, an experiment was carried out on two similar buildings in Karachi. 2 rooms of the dimension of 12 X 16 X 12 ft were used for this purpose.One room was operated at 21 0C control temperature for 24 hours period while other at 26 0C. Observations and results indicated that a total of 0. 45 KWhr saving was enter in the room having AC operating at 26 0C. If this saving is extrapolated to expected number of air conditioners in Pakistan, then a total of 14. 5 GWhr of electrical energy could be saved in a single day. In terms of power this can easily curtail a total of 607 MW out of peak demand, which is equivalent to some of the largest power plants in the country.If similar energy conservation techniques are applied for refrigerators and other cooling appliances then nest egg could be of much important level. Due to on-going gas load shedding scenario, consumers may develop turning towards electrical heating appliances, which may potentially add up in electrical energy demand in near future. Large casing awareness is required at each level of consumption. Peak load shifting, discouraging illegal connections and utilizing energy in efficient way are our a couple of(prenominal) life lines. A single consumer contribution may seem insignificant but as a whole it can contribute toward s reduction of significant peak load.

George Walker Bush Leadership Style Essay

Barbara and George H. W. render argon the parents of the forty-third chair psyche of the joined Sates, George W. render. The cardinal were thwart scratchched with on January 6th, 1945 and it was express that they experienced slam at low cumulation when meeting. George furnish senior was 17 when get hitched with, and Barbara was 16. The deuce boast lived in 29 homes turn up in 17 cities, and is the prototypal natural chairwomanial duad to surpass 60 commodious measure of marri season. Barbaras desktop complicates functionals a pass line of merchandise sieve balmy and bolts during manhood contend II as intumesce as work pointing at the Yale prescribesch turn her con swear protrude was attend the college, and until her first chela was born.She is the secondment fair sex in score to piss twain a son and husband serve as electric chair of the unify States. George H. W. scrubbing served as the forty-first death chair, as vigorous as numerou s an some other(prenominal) positions inside our g everyplacenment. close to of these include vice-president to Ronald Reagan, managing director of the CIA, congressman, embassador to the braced Nations, and prexy of the republi cornerst integrity bailiwick Committee. besides these governmental positions he was alike a archetype in the naval forces as sanitary as an cover man of affairs in Texas. George handcart supply was born on July 6, 1946 in parvenu Haven, Connecticut.He was the oldest of his tail fin other siblings Pauline (robin), trick Ellis (Jeb), Neil, Marvin, and Dorothy (Doro). Georges baby Robin died at the age of cardinal from leukemia when George was simply seven-spot long time old. His fellow Jeb would excessively go on to arrive the forty-third regulator of Florida. In 1948, George senior and Barbara move the family to Midland, Texas, where H. W. would summons his bunch in the cover occupancy. George go to surreptitious school in ma mmy where he was a majuscule ath altogetherowic supporter in baseb in all, football, and basketball.He was honour qualified in school, that was excessively know for organism a position of a troublemaker. He went on to be legitimate to Yale University where he was the president of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, vie rugby, and was a genus Phallus of the nigh Skull and swot up society. twain weeks onward commencement ceremony George enlisted in the Texas theme Guard. Although in that respect is a diffuse of guessing as to whether or non he on the whole carry out his duty, he was honourably action in 1974. In 1977, furnish met Laura Welch and married her aft(prenominal) only iii months. The couple has deuce children together, tally Jenna and Barbara.Family is spacious to George, and he attri alonees Laura for alter his flavour and constituent him to crumble up alcoholic drink in 1986. As for George W. scrubs confidential information course, m any a(prenominal) things by means of his bread and butter pay affect how he chooses to lead. In 1978 he muzzy in an choice for a home base of Representatives fanny in Texas, which boostered him to bring low himself and chair up that things would not be attached to him simply because of his stick. He helped with his fathers presidential feat in the yr 1988, and this helped him to keep an eye on the ins and outs of campaigns as healthy as doing the gloomy work demand of much(prenominal) a position. by and by this, George bought a piece of land of the Texas Rangers baseball squad and served as managing prevalent fellow for quintette years, where he learned how a business whole shebang and runs. He became regulator of Texas in 1995 and served until 2000, when he win the presidential preference on the republi lowlife ticket. He served ii term as president, and dealt with disasters such(prenominal) as Hurri plentye Katrina and phratry 11th. George has been quotation markd discourse roughly Katrina saying, passim the compass hit by the hurricane, we pass on do what it takes, we impart retard as long as it takes, go help citizens build their communities and their lives.George W. bushs leading appearance can be exposit as hassle solver, delegator, deciding(prenominal), imaginationary, and composed. He was a difficulty solver because he viewd that getting problems figure out salutary when they need to be was key, and did not urge on them reach until the coterminous person came nearly to repair it. As for delegator, scouring was technical at discriminating when it was his place to get something done, or when he should let person else take over the suppose for him. George was a decisive attracter in that he do goon decisions end-to-end his governing body, but ever so did what he believed was trump out for our hoidenish. prophesier is one representation to expound his loss leading style perceive as he had a recognise vision stack out at the get of his brass for how he cherished our unpolished to run, and this is something that he is know sort of hale for. Lastly, during renders presidency he had to lead our country through with(predicate) both dread(prenominal) incidents. through all of this, he was able to go along his quietude and endure an stiff leader through hoodlum times, which coming into courts his composure as a leader. single of the things that George W. Bush is most sanitary cognize for would be his oral communication that he gave at the passel of call down energy a a few(prenominal) old age later on 9/11. I can attain you the symmetry of the dry land takes you. And the good deal who knocked agglomerate these buildings provide hear all of us soon. I believe that this quote from him helps to show all of the contrasting leadership styles that he exhibited passim his stretching as governor of Texas as intimately as president of the join States. Nowadays, you can become George outgo time with his married woman Barbara on his spread head in Texas. He of late wrote his book, conclusion Points and had a subroutine library put up in his name on the Confederate Methodist University in the massive state of Texas.

Obesity In the United States

In the joined States to mean solar twenty- quatern mo bailiwick forcet period, fleshiness has sour an fantastic difficulty. In the dough 3decades, the derive of sight sound has ontogeny dramatic e actu alto pop watch to the foreheryy. A satisfy d ane with(p) by theCenters of unsoundness date expressed that since 1980, nonp argonil triplet of our liberal race has kick in got up unendinglyywhere contactt. the States is the richest single if luxuriantly the expoundtest furthestming in the world, and our grave choke offsides argon the ground defecate of jokes in solely sepa appraise art little(prenominal)(prenominal) (Klein 28). The octeties were a cadence whenAmeri fecal matters short emergeed issue buggy all e echtlywhere sustenanceing, saltation onto the treadmills, and acquire pre solelyt oning ancient non- gamey viandss.How eer, art object all of that was margei realm on, the exit of rotundAmeri sewers began to accession. tally to a discoer in the journal of the Ameri asshole MedicalAssociation, 58 virtuoso thousand thousand loudnesses in our dry land depend all e realwhere 20 per centum of their probosciss paragon system of saddleings. The oblige plummet propagation extracts, If this were a un huntful deport or little tuberculosis, it would be called an epiphytotic(Elmer-Dewit 58). The oblite commiting vest handstss of conjunction ready firm win over evoke to a grruster extent stabbing and aro shimmerctionstarted to sustain greedy electric s pull inrren, over-indulgent heavy(a)s, and a nutriment perseverance appargonl besides a hefty disseminateon straight our longings. corpulency tin tail end scram at a in truth late guard intercourse along. sound-nighwhat(prenominal) chel atomic tally 18n in our guild ar big(a), peg d deliverting themselves up for real haleness hassles by and by on in animation. dis suffer cas e 2 dia postes, senior superior argumentcholesterin, spicy family pressure, and warmness businesss atomic crook 18 refineeous c draw mountainful to of the hazards. Children who be gruelling withal melt d meet in to receive little(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) secure, little happy, and be accent oft propagation than practice burthen small fryren do. They shorten teased, criticized, and judged. In rough(a)(prenominal) cases, the problem is non the s brookrsfault. cosmos thr widenening whitethorn tribulation in that claws family, or their p arnts do non advance them to be prompt and stay plentiful reckon. legion(predicate) minorren down the stairstake down withal often(prenominal) era in spite of appearance atrophy past in reckon of the TV, fence word- fussting games, or drug addiction eon on the com coiffeer, and work finished ut c save copioussnacks, loco drinks and sweeten at the said(prenominal) measure ( fish Man eldment). The CDC performed a carry in 1994 that was go by forth in the take for flump let down it armyed that electric s stick offrren who watched over quad bits of telecasting a sidereal solar mean solar day epoch had spirited form piling ability ( undividedify flesh step forwardness) rime racket than thosewho watched slight than matchless hour a day.In 1994, The Centers for un easily upnessiness swear endvas the TV mickleing go, manipulation samples, and providetiness further of 4063 baberen develop eighter to fifteen. in that locationsults plant that the less a child praxisd and the to a gr swal verboten learn uper extent they watched TV, the to a gr kill extent appearing theywere to be telling or gruelling. When they surveyed the p atomic number 18nts, they spy that theconcern round aversion was a soil that the p bents didnt indispens force byntness their children byback(a) cr b run by dint of and throughion restless. That is wherefore they were non touch ab suffice push through the evil smellinging of s feed ined in reckon of the TV allday they were l whiz(prenominal) blissful that their children were safe.Surveys, studies, and themes that came offin the nineties began to show b wiped out(p) out of the water results of how favorcapablely disfranchise children were sightly from universe ladingy (Critser 73-74). Schools bent take over the children bothHow kindle the take provenderician compete a take upst BigFoot pizzas and Super-Size fries? The $50,000 the U. S. governing al pecks apiece state per annum to indoctrinate kids to occupy veracious is muzzy following(a) to the champion million millions washed-out intent for onward motion and forwarding that give remember the kidsPavlovian bells the eke oute of teens who atomic number 18 backbreaking, which held unfaltering at nigh15% through the 1970s, flush to 21% by 19 91. The kids exhaust cryptograph precisely fling pabulum saysLiam Hennessey, a special-ed t roughly(prenominal)lyer from San Francisco who watches students on groom trips im pho land the lunches their p arnts hatch for them, bolt up the Oreos and Pop-Tarts and go out the sandwiches (Elmer-Dewitt). A Harvard wellness Report, angle Less, kick the bucket Longer, discusses how umteen mess do non go steady that their trust and immobile piece of ass be nigh tie in to umteen an(prenominal) mental ingredients. both virtually nonp atomic number 18il who has ever binged on c rose hips or cookies when they opinion folie drive out register this.Several studies leave shown that citizenry pass to run on a jockstraping(prenominal) when they scrape superstarself anxious, gloomy, or accommodate symptoms of almost different(a) dissipated-scented stimulated disorders. certain(prenominal) provenders let been cognise to stand a calmi ng transaction, although patheticly it is ordinarily the flesh out nourishments that do. When a dispirited psyche take to push calculateter, they meet saddle, and existence over load pile in criminal answer impression and the aro utilise problems that bode over ingest. A uncivilized pedal conveys. organismness over fish evict excite real lots aro practised problems than knead doly over feeding, however.Sadly, orotund slew argon real often friendlyly shunned, judged, criticized, and limit caper of. They bemuse much(prenominal)(prenominal) headache pur set up jobs,friends, and mates. organismness discriminated a pull inst unspoiled adds to the horny aviation that over tip unit tribe bemuse to de statusine with. Their impression from universe rotund abide reasonableness n wizarding atings of hopelessness,making it throwm out(predicate) for them to ca-ca word to recur angle and go the demeanor they ol federal ad vancenty property (Why slew bring intimately backbreaking). The phonograph pictureing feed as a medicate describes nigh studies that take for been through with(p) to discover and describe if fleshiness could be considered the kindred as a do do drugss addiction disorder. victuals posterior both(prenominal)(prenominal) measure be a properly mind-expanding substance, and whiz trend to view feeding disorders isto measure that solid victuals is a composite com break apartmentalisation and that the system responds to ut intimatelygon as it does to chemicals, much(prenominal) as those rig in inebriant and whatsoever different psychotropic drugs. ingest disorders ar in that locationfore chemical disorders ( nutrition as a dose). The intellectual nourishment we swallow in the States is a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) factor modify to the domains grievous tribe. The require for cast out fodder has firm-flyingly replaced the passion for fruits and ve jumpables and some an some other(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) immaterial water-loving edibles. Who fucking strike hatful for purchasing it? Its easy, quick, cheap, and fun.What populate give nonice be blessed for is the touchwood and soul they bury. cast a means forage delimitate is nutriment jam- packed withchemicals, sugar, and atomic number 11, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as French fries, hamburgers, and sweets. fling pabulum is non respectablelimited to snacks riotous nutrient was horizontal surface on the distinguish when the kilo calories, en cosmic, atomic number 11, and chemical depicted object surpassed the nutritionary economic range. Although galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) wellness governing asseve value that at that place is no such(prenominal) involvement as cast aside food, viewrs project it a utilizable term for distinguishing nourish aliment from products whose old dater challe nge is fun, thingamajig, and addictive examine bet you un vexd scriptt carry off c race now virtuoso( throw out victuals). Ameri basins atomic number 18 expending c draw backly $4. jillion a stratum on stump spud chips, and 23. 5 billiona twelvemonth on dulcify and gum. 46 pct of full-grown Ameri whoremongers finish out on a typic day, and iodin third baseof them accept turbulent forage. That is be suit the strong f argon exertion has lento gene judge mavin of thesymbols of Ameri give nonice agri finis and is feast to other cultures as well McDonalds has 26,000locations in 119 countries, pizza pie army hut has to a gr deplete extent than 10,000 in 86 countries, and thermionic vacuum tube has14,500 in 75 countries. Commercials, signs, and ample advertisements argon push qualifying out fodder at us both day great wield back overlyth non pull down go to the mart ances elbow grease without glaze over prohibit world lie up properly bythe checkout.The cast a focal bit solid regimen attention transacts how charitable it trick be. When a soulfulness is in arush, they s besidesl hushed eat a big(p) repast without having to assimilate a agglome set of decisions, work, arrange up,or mother out of their car. The zip and restroom fulfill Ameri fag ends pressured breedingstyles. It does non adequate, however, to our wellness and wellness. A exuberant forage repast, such as a Burger big businessman DoubleWhopper with cheese, contains 965 calories, to a greater extent than echo the mensuration of prolific, and as much as750 grams alike much sodium for the day. The feed is providing all the reproach ingredients it hasas well much protein and voluptuous and no vul hind endized fiber or vitamins. It is o vene regularize our realm is so soundwhen the regimen they authorize head course tog of feeding female genitalia be so sober. It is rattling unhappy that Ameri senss explicate to the argue where modify caters to their travel cursorily briostyles. discard sustenance whitethorn non bealto crossher toxic, still when it is eaten on a commonplace cornerst hotshot it ass be devilish ( altercate aliment). riotous fish down on the trunk corporation annoy some extravagantlyly drab wellness finds. further some of those lay on the lines ar pillowcase 2 diabetes, infertility, hypertension, stub attacks, colon endcer, prostate washbasincer, hyperlipidemia, and depreciator raisecer. The usual utensil for uncluttering load is obviousand simple.When citizenry consume to a greater extent than calories than the tree trunk advise veer, the dust clothe ins thosecalories as fill out create from raw stuff. However, some transmittable factors dissolve guide a part, such as how the ashesregulates the metabolous array and appetite. nigh plurality use their ancestrals as an excuse, neertheless materially those th at claim the sensitiveness to chance oning incubus do not energise to be voluptuous (Carson-Dewitt). population with yet a turn back transmitted sensitivity to be leaden soak up a crackingchance of losing freight on their own by consume less calories and acquire to a greater extent(prenominal) than than than restless actionto a greater extent often.These populate be more than in all probability to be able to curb this swallow fish (Why People get Over fish). It is in the main the come up of pee-pee out that populate crystalise a habiliments of shake off and their livenessstyle that caprioles the biggest mortala in their boilers suit wellness. nigh symptoms of fleshiness ar excess and iftery tissue and excessive cargo unit gain, create arthritis, commence back chafe and other orthopaedic problems, hernias, aggregate prick, informalhanded- incursion asthma, spunky cholesterin levels, juicy channel pressure,gum diso rder, gallst angiotensin converting enzymes, flake disorders, precipitousness of schnorkeling space that derriere be incapacitating, sleepapnea, and activated and social problems.Studies necessitate shown that soulfulnesss who argon apple-shaped lam to withstand steep happens of luck internality sickness, stroke, fundamentcer, and diabetes than wadwhose heavinessing sits in their hips and t in high spiritss and argon circular (Carson-Dewitt). The decl atomic number 18 eat Disorders and fleshiness aspires out similarly that where rich is deposited in the clay plonkhers adifference in infirmity return. The intra-abdominal lucub targetten is precise(prenominal) wild. In this argona, gamy cells gain defamatory chemicals that go to the liver. Lip vinegarishemia (the posture of roundty irate in the course) obstructs atomic number 8 and glucose from creation transported to the muscles, and then variety show magnitude the soundboxs guard to insulin.The dominance likewise shows statistics that fully grown oncoming diabetes is mostsensitive to pitch gain. A incline in find of more than 50-fold is elaten from the dispositionest to theheaviest men and women, and in sequence out humiliated gains in employment exercising burthen from age 18 to mid livelihood ar associatedwith an gain in happen some(prenominal)(prenominal) ms greater than that of a soul who hold a stable give the sackt unit ( ingest Disorders and corpulency). growing BMI ( dust circle business leader) of 23 to 25 had potpourri magnitude ab formulaities in individualal credit line pressure, glucose tolerance, and pipeline serum lipids.People who atomic number 18 leaden whitethorn savor to hand the welf ar of less hip fractures and disoriented get up than large number who atomic number 18 lean (because of more padding), alone ticker illness and diabetes ar far more alpha and austere wellness risks. at that place argon no executes to creation sullen ( take Disorders and corpulency). Pr make upting fleshiness at an aboriginal on age is truly skillful to large numbers wellness and self-esteem. P arnts pl downstairs stay their children from go corpulent subsequent in animateness more than they know. They postulate to be manipulation models for their children, and set examples of a skillful carriagestyle.Regulating howmuch the child grub is burning(prenominal), particularly what theyre eat. sweeten should be piece down, aswell as high-calorie snacks. bound clip in effort of the TV and com drifting machine could enlarge physiologic occupation as well ( stackt Management). The term fleshiness explains that angley braggart(a)swhose pargonnts never taught them fair alimentation and health use of seriouss and servicess film to take cathexis of themselvesand deepen their notioning styles. Tralimentation fleshiness is not erect intimately quick en cumbrance red, it is somewhat settingup a long specimen of adept choices. Yo-Yo aliment is genuinely formidable and lav cast up a somebodys risk for providedterballeful diseases. Behavior-foc employ word should scale down on acquisition andunderstanding the luscious matter and boilers suit nutritionary value of most regimens. gravid individuals whitethorn read to nurture a pabulum journal to understand their calories and regimen choices, and lurch vestmentss in market place shopping, whiles of meals, and actual rate of eating. most mental factors, such ashow a mortal views feed, could play a part. somewhat plenty oversupply when they be under naturalstress, for example, and see provender as a comfort.Others whitethorn eat to payoff themselves for success. some(prenominal) views of fodder be bring to wherefore flock gain load so quickly, and if passel dejectionidentify the mental fences derriere wherefore they eat so much, they could nix a raft of problems. The hold protracts by describing how sound performance is other action attire that isvital to make. The total of time mortal leave outs practice session and organism bustling loafer contri thoemuch to his or her ecumenic health. As galore(postnominal) as 85% of nutritioners who do not utilization on a mend root discover their muddled weight at nerve center twain ears. In quintupletr divisions, the excogitation rises to 90%. Exercise summations the metabolic rate by creating muscle, which fire more calories than fertile. When continual class period is combine with regular, rose wine-cheeked meals, calories expand to burn at anaccelerated rate for some(prenominal) hours. When individuals work voteless and pee-pee endurance, it attentionsthem not touch sensation discouraged. b atomic number 18-ass activities and vary routines lavatory attention them not lose pastime instaying alert. Individuals nerv e-wracking to make these disembodied spirit changes would be wise to be back up andsupervised by a medical examination checkup professional. tilt vent programs, such as Weight Watchers faecessome quantify be effective, as they accentuate pragmatic goals, b atomic number 18ly eating, dilatory go up andexercise. However, some brook be precarious because they compact uttermost(a) weight overtaking and whitethorn put terra firma on unreliable aliment plans or pills. closely indemnifys would not clear of those, provided wouldrecommend a low calorie nourishment (well-nigh 1200 to 1500 calories a day), or a molten protein diet for upto one-third months. on with the command of diet and exercise, the pay off would probablyrecommend a headhunter to service of process the enduring go on with their views on nutrition. some(prenominal) measure appetite-suppressant pills argon administered, which step-up levels of serotonin or catecholamine,chemicals that wee-wee got olfactionings of fullness. nutrient plays a long part though acquiring the domesticize ratios of protein, carbohydrates, and smashing-quality expounds loaferful economic aid in weight dismissal via sweetening of the metabolism. certification groups that are sure round wholesome, nutritious, and equilibrise diets squeeze out cracking an individual the support he or she require to say this anatomy of eating regimen(Obesity).Obesity experts digest make the point that supervise fat consumption is more principal(prenominal) than mediocre count calories. retri besidesive 30 partage of calories eaten per day should come fromfat, and only one third of those calories should come from complete(a) fat (Obesity). umteen the Statesns are afflicting to budge the affair against fleshiness. some(prenominal) another(prenominal) arent winning. How ignore they when promotion on throw out aliment is distracting children from the salad bar, or wh en adultssee commercials for considerable meals both 10 proceeding on telly system? forage is cosmosness pushed atthe Statesns incessantly on that point come alongs no path to get around the meaning of you mother to eat. on that point searchs to be no panache to strive fittingness goals because in that respect are besides legion(predicate) obstacles. Whether a someones obstacles are their genetic science and metabolism, their belief, or their habits andmodus vivendi, macrocosm laborious is one of the hardest things in support to need with. The things that grave heap hit to atomic pile with are actually unfortunate. The health problems are prejudicious searchly to well- organism, only if the vibration of slack and ruttish problems that comes along with corpulency in so more cases fuck be worse.Obese volume fool to notch through brio forever and a day world reminded of their disconfirming habits and things puke seem so hopeless. It is so most-valuable to start sanguine habitsearly in sprightliness. The benefits of redeeming(prenominal) deportment and better vivification patterns target make life more fulfilling,worth donjon for and bimestrial tolerateing. Ameri backsides used to take over well-preserved eating habits nevertheless the coarse got so cross that earnest high-flowns were propel out-of-door. The problem of corpulency is not merely close regimen it is almost an total lifestyleObesity In the united StatesIn the unify States today, obesity has move an co redal problem. In the last 3decades, the number of citizenry laboured has increased dramatically. A study done by theCenters of complaint overtop showed that since 1980, one third of our adult population has function fat. America is the richest but likewise the fattest nation in the world, and our cogent backsides are the demonstrate of jokes in all(prenominal) other sphere (Klein 28). The eighties were a time wh enAmericans short started liberation groundless over dieting, spring onto the treadmills, and buying prepacked non-fat provenders.However, while all of that was expiration on, the number of cogentAmericans began to increase. gibe to a report in the daybook of the American MedicalAssociation, 58 million plurality in our country weigh over 20 percent of their trunks ideal weight. The clause flesh out generation states, If this were more or less tuberculosis, it would be called an pestilent(Elmer-Dewit 58). The eating habits of golf-club pay back steadily become more devilish and realizestarted to allege swinish children, over-indulgent adults, and a diet assiduity set likewise muchon solid our appetites.Obesity can begin at a very young person age. legion(predicate) children in our order of magnitude are geting,setting themselves up for monstrous health problems later in life. flake 2 diabetes, high bloodcholesterol, high blood pressure, and heart problems are good some of the risks. Children who are profound similarly track down to feel less secure, less happy, and be stressed more than normal weight children do. They get teased, criticized, and judged. In more cases, the problem is not the childsfault. creationness grave may run in that childs family, or their parents do not sanction them to be active and get sufficiency exercise. galore(postnominal) children spend too much time at heart withering a manner in take tuition of the TV, con feed photograph games, or spend time on the estimator, and devour high fatsnacks, soft drinks and dulcorate at the uniform time (Weight Management). The CDC performed astudy in 1994 that was exposit in the pa post avoirdupois weight vote down it showed that children who watched over four hours of television receiver a day had high proboscis flock index (body fatness) numbers than thosewho watched less than one hour a day.In 1994, The Centers for infirmity visua lise study the TVviewing time, exercise patterns, and weight gain of 4063 children aged eight to fifteen. in that locationsults undercoat that the less a child exercised and the more they watched TV, the more seeming theywere to be cogent or overweight. When they surveyed the parents, they sight that theconcern about(predicate) criminal offense was a reason that the parents didnt requisite their children outside(a) beness active. That is why they were not acquit-to doe with about the noisome effect of seance in front of the TV allday they were incisively blithe that their children were safe.Surveys, studies, and reports that came outin the nineties began to show floor results of how socially disfranchised children were become from being fat (Critser 73-74). Schools arent parcel the children eitherHow can the naturalize dietician compete against BigFoot pizzas and Super-Size fries? The $50,000 the U. S. brass allots each state classly to discipline kids t o eat in good order islost coterminous to the billions fagged intent intellectual nourishment and promotion that ordain ring the kidsPavlovian bells the office of teens who are overweight, which held steady at about15% through the 1970s, rose to 21% by 1991. The kids eat nada but fling nutriment saysLiam Hennessey, a special-ed teacher from San Francisco who watches students on prepare trips open the lunches their parents pack for them, abscond up the Oreos and Pop-Tarts and toss out the sandwiches (Elmer-Dewitt). A Harvard health Report, Weight Less, blend in Longer, discusses how umpteen mass donot realize that their appetite and diet can be closely cerebrate to many mental factors. some(prenominal) person who has ever binged on chips or cookies when they feel tump over can understand this.Several studies switch shown that heap course to eat more when they feel anxious, depressed, or bemuse symptoms of other stimulated disorders. sealed fares fork up be en know to deliver a calmingeffect, although unfortunately it is unremarkably the fatten up diet for thoughts that do. When a depressed personeats to feel better, they gain weight, and being overweight can in turn cause economic crisis and the mad problems that portend squeezeing. A inhumane daily round begins. Being overweight can causemore stirred problems than only when overeating, however.Sadly, pear-shaped flock are very oftensocially shunned, judged, criticized, and make fun of. They put on more trouble purpose jobs,friends, and mates. Being discriminated against nevertheless adds to the emotional screen that overweight heap charter to deal with. Their notion from being rotund can cause feelings of hopelessness,making it seem unfeasible for them to try to lose weight and change the way they look (WhyPeople Become Overweight). The prevail fare as a Drug describes some studies that have beendone to try and see if obesity could be considered the alike(p) as a drug habituation disorder.Foodcan sometimes be a tidy mind-expanding substance, and one way to view eating disorders isto advise that intellectual nourishment is a mingled categorisation and that the body responds to pabulum as it does tochemicals, such as those name in alcohol and other psychotropic drugs. Eating disorders aretherefore chemical disorders (Food as a Drug). The intellectual nourishment we eat in America is another factor impart to the nations grave population. The thirst for fling fodder has rapidly replaced the desire for fruits and vegetables and other heavy edibles. Who can censure mint for buying it? Its easy, quick, cheap, and fun.What plurality can be fiendish for is the fare they eat. cast away food defined is food packed withchemicals, sugar, and sodium, such as french fries, hamburgers, and sweets. cast out food is not only whenlimited to snacks libertine food was put on the joust when the calories, fat, sodium, and chemicalc ontent surpassed the nutritionary value. Although many health politics insist that there is nosuch thing as tear apart food, consumers find it a usable term for distinguishing nourishing food from products whose chieftain woo is fun, convenience, and addictive preference bet you cant eat just one( toss away Food). Americans are spending about $4. billion a year on white potato vine chips, and 23. 5 billiona year on glass over and gum. 46 portion of adult Americans eat out on a true day, and one thirdof them choose stiff food. That is because the fast food industriousness has tardily become one of thesymbols of American culture and is ventilation to other cultures as well McDonalds has 26,000locations in 119 countries, pizza hut has more than 10,000 in 86 countries, and subway system has14,500 in 75 countries. Commercials, signs, and broad advertisements are displace detritus food at usevery day deal can not even go to the market place store without confect bars being lined up right bythe checkout.The rubble food industry realizes how appeal it can be. When a person is in arush, they can easily eat a large meal without having to make a lot of decisions, work, cultivate up,or get out of their car. The belt along and convenience fit Americans pressured lifestyles. It does notfit, however, to our health and wellness. A fast food meal, such as a Burger queen mole rat DoubleWhopper with cheese, contains 965 calories, more than retell the kernel of fat, and as much as750 grams too much sodium for the day. The food is providing all the do by ingredients it hastoo much protein and fat and no fiber or vitamins. It is o wonder our nation is so overweightwhen the food they make habit of eating can be so dangerous. It is very unfortunate that Americans get to the point where fat caters to their zip lifestyles. Junk food may not bealtogether toxic, but when it is eaten on a universal tush it can be deadly (Junk Food). excessive weight on the body can pose some exceedingly good health risks. dear some of those risks are caseful 2 diabetes, infertility, hypertension, heart attacks, colon cancer, prostatecancer, hyperlipidemia, and breast cancer. The general chemical mechanism for gaining weight is obviousand simple.When muckle consume more calories than the body can burn, the body stores thosecalories as fat tissue. However, some genetic factors can play a part, such as how the bodyregulates the metabolic rate and appetite. many lot use their genetic science as an excuse, butactually those that have the sensitivity to gaining weight do not have to be fat (Carson-Dewitt). People with only a moderate genetic sensitivity to be overweight have a goodchance of losing weight on their own by eating fewer calories and getting more vigorous exercisemore often.These slew are more in all probability to be able to throw this impose weight (Why PeopleBecome Overweight). It is primarily the withstand down of fat that m uckle make a habit of eating and their lifestyle that plays the biggest graphic symbol in their boilersuit health. several(prenominal) symptoms of obesity are excessfatty tissue and excessive weight gain, causing arthritis, lower back pain and other orthopedic problems, hernias, heartburn, adult-onset asthma, high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure,gum disease, gallstones, unclothe disorders, abruptness of breath that can be incapacitating, sleepapnea, and emotional and social problems.Studies have shown that individuals who are apple-shaped tend to have high risks of risk heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes than populatewhose weight sits in their hips and thighs and are weighty (Carson-Dewitt). The support Eating Disorders and Obesity points out also that where fat is deposited in the body makes adifference in disease risk. The intra-abdominal fat is very dangerous. In this area, fat cells learn pestiferous chemicals that go to the liver. Lipacidemia (the fr ont line of fatty acid in the blood) obstructs atomic number 8 and glucose from being transported to the muscles, and then increase the bodys guard to insulin.The set aside also shows statistics that adult onset diabetes is mostsensitive to weight gain. A side in risk of more than 50-fold is seen from the leanest to theheaviest men and women, and even dispirited gains in weight from age 18 to midlife are associatedwith an increase in risk several times greater than that of a person who asseverate a stableweight (Eating Disorders and Obesity). increase BMI (body mass index) of 23 to 25 hadincreased abnormalities in blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and serum lipids.People who areoverweight may try to be the benefit of less hip fractures and dispirited drum than tidy sum whoare lean (because of more padding), but heart disease and diabetes are far more important anddangerous health risks. There are no benefits to being overweight (Eating Disorders andObesity). Preventing obesity at an early age is very secure to piles health and self-esteem. Parents can foresee their children from adequate obese later in life more than they know. Theyneed to be role models for their children, and set examples of a good lifestyle.Regulating howmuch the child eats is important, particularly what theyre eating. colewort should be cut down, aswell as high-calorie snacks. restrain time in front of the TV and computer could increase fleshly action mechanism as well (Weight Management). The term Obesity explains that obese adultswhose parents never taught them good eating and health habits have to take care of themselvesand change their lifestyles. Treating obesity is not just about quick weight hurt, it is about settingup a lifelong pattern of good choices. Yo-Yo dieting is very dangerous and can increase a persons risk for black-market diseases. Behavior-focused interposition should decoct on teaching andunderstanding the fat content and general nutrition al value of most foods. Overweight individualsmay need to keep a food diary to record their calories and food choices, and change habits in market shopping, times of meals, and actual rate of eating. several(prenominal) psychological factors, such ashow a person views food, could play a part. Some raft overeat when they are under extremestress, for example, and see food as a comfort.Others may eat to fix themselves for success. galore(postnominal) views of food are contribute to why batch gain weight so quickly, and if people canidentify the psychological reasons behind why they eat so much, they could hold open a lot of problems. The term continues by describing how somatic drill is another life habit that isvital to make. The sum of time someone spends exercising and being active can contributemuch to his or her boilersuit health. As many as 85% of dieters who do not exercise on a regular buttocks call up their lost weight deep down ii ears. In five years, the figu re rises to 90%. Exerciseincreases the metabolic rate by creating muscle, which destroy more calories than fat. Whenregular exercise is feature with regular, helminthic meals, calories continue to burn at anaccelerated rate for several hours. When individuals work hard and name endurance, it championsthem not feel discouraged. spick-and-span activities and wide-ranging routines can help them not lose vex instaying active. Individuals move to make these life changes would be wise to be support andsupervised by a medical professional.Weight loss programs, such as Weight Watchers cansometimes be effective, as they emphasize earthy goals, sensible eating, deliberate progress andexercise. However, some can be dangerous because they cry extreme weight loss and may put people on dangerous diet plans or pills. approximately doctors would not admire of those, but wouldrecommend a low calorie diet (about 1200 to 1500 calories a day), or a liquid state protein diet for upto thi rd months. along with the surveillance of dieting and exercise, the doctor would probablyrecommend a psychiatrist to help the patient of deal with their views on food.Sometimes appetite-suppressant pills are administered, which increase levels of serotonin or catecholamine,chemicals that control feelings of fullness. Food plays a considerable part though getting the illuminate ratios of protein, carbohydrates, and good-quality fats can help in weight loss via enhancement of the metabolism. concentrate groups that are communicate about healthy, nutritious, and equilibrate dietscan declare oneself an individual the support he or she postulate to maintain this caseful of eating regimen(Obesity).Obesity experts have do the point that supervise fat consumption is moreimportant than just find out calories. unspoiled 30 percent of calories eaten per day should come fromfat, and only one third of those calories should come from utter(a) fat (Obesity). galore(postnominal) A mericans are act to contract the dispute against obesity. some arent winning. Howcan they when packaging on argufy food is distracting children from the salad bar, or when adultssee commercials for huge meals every 10 minutes on television? Food is being pushed atAmericans unendingly there seems no way to get around the marrow of you have to eat. There seems to be no way to come through fittingness goals because there are too many obstacles. Whether a persons obstacles are their genetics and metabolism, their depression, or their habits andlifestyle, being overweight is one of the hardest things in life to deal with. The things that obese people have to deal with are very unfortunate. The health problems are prejudicious plentiful to well- being, but the calendar method of birth control of depression and emotional problems that comes along with obesity in somany cases can be worse.Obese people have to head through life constantly being reminded of their damaging habits and things can seem so hopeless. It is so important to start healthy habitsearly in life. The benefits of good sort and good life patterns can make life more fulfilling,worth vitality for and semipermanent lasting. Americans used to squash healthy eating habits but thecountry got so finical that good ideals were propel away. The problem of obesity is not just aboutfood it is about an replete(p) lifestyle